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In international relations, polarity is any of the various ways in which power is distributed within the international system. International relations scholars distinguish among unipolar, bipolar and multipolar scenarios depending on whether there is at the global level one, two, or more than two centers of power, respectively.respectively, though the term "multipolar" is also sometimes used to refer to scenarios that are not unipolar, i.e. where there is more than one center of power.

In international relations, polarity is any of the various ways in which power is distributed within the international system. International relations scholars distinguish among unipolar, bipolar and multipolar scenarios depending on whether there is at the global level one, two, or more than three centers of power, respectively.

AI alignment | Scott Alexander | Center for Applied Rationality | cognitive bias | communities adjacent to effective altruism | existential risk | Julia Galef | LessWrong | Machine Intelligence Research Institute | Eliezer Yudkowsky

building effective altruism | communities adjacent to effective altruism | criticism of effective altruism | fabianism | history of effective altruism | movement collapse | nuclear disarmament movement | religion

Communities adjacent to effective altruism are groups related in one way or another to the effective altruism community. Possible examples of such communities include the rationality community, the forecasting community, and progress studies (Carey 2021).

Bibliography

Carey, Ryan (2021) Name for the larger EA+adjacent ecosystem?, Effective Altruism Forum, March 18.

Mac Aulay, Tara (2016) The effective altruism ecosystem, Effective Altruism Global.

Related entries

social and intellectual movements

The theory of the right is typically rule-based: it may state how much value an action needs to produce to be permissible (“("the right action is the one which maximises happiness”happiness"), or place restrictions or permissions on an agent which are separate to considerations of value (“("you may never kill, even if doing so would maximise happiness”happiness").

Further readingBibliography

Alexander, Larry & Michael Moore. 2016.Moore (2007) Deontological ethics. In Edward Zalta (ed.),
Stanford encyclopediaEncyclopedia of philosophyPhilosophy, November 21 (updated 30 October 2020).

Hursthouse, Rosalind. 2012.Rosalind & Glen Pettigrove (2003) Virtue ethics. In Edward Zalta (ed.), Stanford encyclopediaEncyclopedia of philosophyPhilosophy, July 18 (updated 8 December 2016).

Sinnott-Armstrong, Walter. 2015.Walter (2003) Consequentialism. In Edward Zalta (ed.), Stanford encyclopediaEncyclopedia of philosophyPhilosophy, May 20 (updated 3 June 2019).

Wikipedia. 2016.Wikipedia (2002) Normative ethics, Wikipedia, February 25 (updated 3 August 2021‎).

Cotton-Barratt, Owen et al. (2016) Global catastrophic risks 2016, Annual Report, Global Challenges Foundation/Global Priorities Project.
A report focusing on natural catastrophic risks, as well as other types of global catastrophic risk.

Bayes' Theorem (also known as Bayes' Rule or Bayes' Law)Law) is a law of probability that describes the proper way to incorporate new evidence into prior probabilities to form an updated probability estimate. It is commonly regarded as the foundation of consistent rational reasoning under uncertainty. Bayes' Theorem is named after Reverend Thomas Bayes, who proved the theorem in 1763.

See also: Bayesian probability, Priors, Likelihood ratio, Belief update, Probability and statistics, Epistemology, Bayesianism

• Alexander Kruel (2010) A guide to Bayes’ theorem – A few links, Alexander Kruel’s Blog, February 27.

  Arbital (2021) Bayes’ rule: Guide to Bayes' Rule

• An Intuitive Explanation of Bayes' Theorem by Eliezer Yudkowsky
• , Arbital.

  Bonilla, Oscar (2009) Visualizing Bayes'Bayes theorem by , Oscar Bonilla

• Bonilla’s Blog, May 1.

  Joyce, James (2003) UsingBayes’ theorem, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, June 28 (updated 12 August 2021).

  Oracle Aide (2012) A Venn pie (using Venn pies to illustrate Bayes' theorem by oracleaide

• A Guide to Bayes’ Theorem – A few links by Alexander Kruel
• Bayes' Theoremtheorem), Oracle Aide, December 26.

  Wikipedia

• Joyce, James. 2003. (2002) Bayes’ theorem. In Edward Zalta (ed.), Stanford Encyclopedia of PhilosophyWikipedia, April 18 (updated 3 August 2021‎).
• Wikipedia. 2016a.

  Wikipedia (2004) Base rate fallacy, Wikipedia, June 17 (updated 17 June 2021‎).

• Wikipedia. 2016b.

  Yudkowsky, Eliezer S. (2003) False positive paradoxAn intuitive explanation of Bayes’ theorem, Eliezer S. Yudkowsky’s Website, (updated 4 June 2006).

Related entries

Bayesian epistemology | credence | epistemology

Bernard, David & Jason Schukraft (2021) Intervention report: Charter cities, Effective Altruism Forum, June 12.