Hazards, vulnerabilities, and exposure is a common risk assessment framework used in disaster risk management.

A hazard or threat is a natural phenomenon or human activity that poses a danger to a society, such as an earthquake, flood, or terrorist group. Hazards are characterized by their location, intensity, frequency and probability.
A vulnerability is a characteristic of a society that makes it prone to harm. For example, if many people in a community are unvaccinated, that community may be more vulnerable to epidemics.
Exposure is how a given hazard interacts with one or more vulnerabilities in a society, including the set of people and things that could be harmed by the hazard.

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