Suggestion for EA Forum posts: First Draft

Create a new type of post - a "First Draft" post, with it's own section "WIP". Basically like the current collaborative draft mode editing, but public. 

This could be a expansion / continuation of the "amnesty day" posts, but more ongoing and more focused on changing the culture of the post. 

• Looks like a google doc with easy commenting on specific sections, maybe more voting options that have to do with feedback (e.g. needs more structure etc.)
• You can give suggestions on what people can post e.g. "Idea bunny" "post outline" "unpolished draft" "polished draft" and give people options on the kinds of feedback they could seek e.g. "copyediting / grammar" or "tone" or "structure" or "factchecking" etc.  
• Maybe Karma-free, or separate karma score so people don't worry about how it'll be taken
• Maybe people who give comments and feedback can get some kind of "helper karma" and be automatically tagged when the post is published and get credit of some kind for contributing to common knowledge
• Potentially have it be gated in some way or have people opt-in to see it (e.g. so more engaged people opt-in, so it becomes like the Facebook peer-editing group), with regular pushes to get high karma / high engagement forum users (especially lurkers who like and read a lot) to join
• Private by default (not searchable on web) but very clear that it's not private private (e.g. since in practice people can always screenshot and share things anyways) 
• Feature interesting stories about where first drafts start and the posts they become to encourage usage
• Get a bunch of high-status people / active forum folks to post their drafts to get the ball rolling
   

Reflecting on the question of CEA's mandate, I think it's challenging that CEA has always tried to be both, and this has not worked out well.

1) a community org

2) a talent recruitment org

When you're 1) you need to think about the individual's journey in the movement. You invest in things like community health and universal groups support. It's important to have strong lines of communication and accountability to the community members you serve. You think about the individual's journey and how to help addres those issues. (Think your local Y, community center or church)

When you're 2) you care about finding and supporting only the top talent (and by extension actors that aid you in this mission). You care about having a healthy funnel of individuals who are at the top of their game. You care about fostering an environment that is attractive (potentially elite), prestigious and high status. (Think Y-Combinator, Fullbright or Emergent Ventures Fellows).

I think these goals are often overlapping and self-reinforcing, but also at odds with each other. 

It is really hard to thread that needle well - it requires a lot of nuanced, high-fidelity communication - which in turn requires a lot of capacity (something historically short-of-stock in this movement). 

I don't think this is a novel observation, but I can't remember seeing it explicitly stated in conversation recently.

Curious if people have tried to estimate the cost of burnout. 

The things I think we should care about, but without numbers or estimates: 

1. How much directly the burnout reduce productivity?
   1. E.g. 6-12 months on average, the longer the grind the longer the burnout
2. The long-term reduction in total max capacity over time or something 
   1. lets say you had 60K hours before burnout, after you have like 40K because you just can't work as hard.
3. How much does burnout increase the likelihood the person doesn't puruse high impact career  (i.e. leaves direct work roles) 
4. What effect does burnout of a person have on their EA network (e.g. their colleagues, friends etc.?)
   1. E.g. if they're on a team, it could marginally increase the chance other team members burn out because they now have more work (+ creating a negative associations to work) 
   2.  e.g. their friends & local community might have a more negative view of the community as one where your friends burnout
5. others?

Resources for feeling good about prioritising

Note: This is collected from a number of people in an EA facebook group that I found in my google drive. I figured it was worth posting up as a shortform in case others find it valuable. 

Tips

• Delegation to those with more time/suitability
• Don't have un-prioritised tasks on your to-do list. Put them somewhere else out of sight - if they're a good idea in a 'some day' pile, if they're not very important bin (or delegate)
  • I keep my actual "To Do" list v. small these days and don't agree to do anything outside of it, but I do put a lot of stuff on a list I call "Ideas" (which is still roughly prioritised). So then I have achievable goals and anything else feels like a bonus.
• On saying no but not wanting to offend: I think that saying I'm too busy for what they've requested and offering something much smaller instead has helped me. Seems to be a good deal in terms of time saved and how offended they are. (This was when I gave up on my plan of just caring much less about upsetting people...too difficult!)
• For regular things, I see two angles to work on: saying no more before commiting, and letting things you've got on already go/be less sticky.
• For saying no: I actually had a really bad case of this with getting excited about something in the moment and then committing/investing in it and regretting later. It was really bad, and after one regretful experience I made myself a form which I had to fill out before I could take on any new project which asked me various questions about the project and how it connected to my long-term (year-scale) goals. I can forward you this form if you like. I only used it a few times but I think it helped. Curiously just process of making the form helped _a lot_ in hindsight (some self-signalling thing probably, not sure if it works as well if you're conscious of it, quite possibly).
• For letting go... what makes it hard to let go of things for you? Here is a list of things that make it hard for me and some possible solutions:
  • - I want the thing to happen and I'm scared it won't if I pull out (delegate, communicate and encourage others to take more ownership)
  • - I'm scared the chance will be gone later if I don't take it now (journal about it, is it really true, is it really that bad if I miss it, can I achieve the same goal another way)
  • - That I'll let someone down, or a feeling that that's the case (check with the person)
• For one-off things:
  • Is the sources of these often the same or different? If the same, maybe talking to the source of these so they can help you filter would be good. If different, it sounds like you're in a role where that happens by nature of your role - is that the role you want to be in? Is there a way to triage/filter a bit first (again maybe someone else can do that?).
  • As time goes on you might want to move the bar for how good an opportunity should be before you take it on. For example, maybe you're happy to give talks for good causes but now you're getting more requests. Assuming you don't want to go above a certain amount of giving talks, you'll have to say no to good causes in order to say yes to great ones, or otherwise you'll end up eating more time than you wanted to on giving talks. You can also pass on the good but not great ones to others (although this also takes some time).

Books

• "When I Say No, I Feel Guilty: How to Cope, Using the Skills of Systematic Assertive Therapy."
• Sustainable motivation | Helen Toner | EA Global: San Francisco 2019
• Essentialism: The disciplined pursuit of less. (Short Summary)
  • A very short blogpost of the author about declining without harming the relationship
• Rise by Patty Azzarello. The purpose of the book is to talk about career planning and how to be a good manager, but to do that it also talks about HOW to work in Part 1. Many of the things she wrote about resonated with me because I have tried to just push through an unrealistic workload instead of thinking more strategically. It's also written in a nice and short way without too much fluff around it. And I found the advice to be actionable. Not just "Prioritise better!" but instead: "Here is the process of figuring out your ruthless priorities"
• Article: Learn When to Say No and podcast: The Subtle Art of Saying No

(very) Quick Reflections on EAG 2021 

Most of these are logistical / operational things on how I can improve my own experience at EAG

• Too much talking / needing to talk too loudly
  • Carry an info card / lanyard which has blurbs on my role, organisation & the projects I want to talk to people about and ask them to read it before we start our 1-1. (This is probably a little suboptimal if you need to actively get people super pumped about your ideas)
  • More walking conversations in quiet areas. This year the EAG had a wonderful second location with an indoor conservatory that was peaceful, quiet and beautiful. Everyone I brought there really liked it because it was a refreshing break from the conference. If there isn't something like this in future EAGs I'll try to find a good ~25 minute walking route on the first day of the conference.
• Shop talk vs socializing during 1-1s
  • I feel quite conflicted on this
    • One one hand, it makes sense especially when doing more open-ended networking (e.g. this person does climate stuff, I feel it's useful to meet them but not sure how exactly it would be useful). Hopefully, the info card saves some time.Shop talk is absolutely exhausting and I feel that I'm not at full capacity for at least 50% of EAG.
    • It's sometimes hard to know which people you should meet in person if there are say 20 all equally good people but you only have time to meet 5 in person. Don't know if there's a good decision-making heuristic there
      • If I had to guess, it's more important to meet people less connected to the community / at the first EAG
      • And sometimes more engaged people you haven't met just to establish an in-person connection
    • Maybe 5-10 minute connections can just be a good thing to do to create a touchpoint with people
  • I would basically have all conversations be socializing, and then reach out to the shop talk people after EAG to set longer and more intentional discussions that are probably going to be more productive.
• Make new EAs feel more comfortable
  • I was very impressed with the EAG newbies I met - they were about 10x more organized and proactive than I was at my first EAG.
  • But because they were doing all this AND it was their first EAG, they were also (very!) nervous / anxious. While I tried to help them feel more at ease, I don't think it helped much.
  • I feel like this is probably a very difficult issue to make traction on individually, but I want to reflect more on this.
• An official conference length of 2 days isn't enough time.
  • I don't think anything can be done on this front, but thought I'd mention it anyways
  • Ideally I'd like to have 2 days of conference and 2-3 days before/after for more relaxed socializing

Collection of Constraints in EA

• Dealing with Network Constraints (My Model of EA Careers) (2019) by Ray Arnold.
• EA is vetting-constrained (2019) by Toon Alfrink
• EA is risk-constrained (2020) by Edo Arad. The post makes the claim that EAs in general are risk-averse on an individual level, which can restrict movement-level impact.
• The career coordination problem (2019) by Mathias Kirk Blonde. Short account of how the EA operations bottleneck was managed and a suggestion to expand career coaching capacity.
• EA is talent constrained in specific skills (2018) by 80,000 Hours.
• Improving the EA Network (2016) by Kerry Vaughn. Discusses coordination constraints and makes the case for working on network improvement.

Status: This was a post i'd drafted 4 years ago on climate change in EA. Not sure I stand by all of it, but I thought it might be worth sharing. 

let's make room for climate change

What this post is NOT saying:

*   depriortise other cause areas
*   redirect significant resources fromt other cause areas
*   the average EA should go into climate change or become a climate scientist/advocate
*   the average EA has comparative advantage in climate change

What this post IS saying

*   having an EA org or projects related to climate change will be beneficial to EA
*   certain climate solutions will be more tractable
*   climate change as a cause area is much less uncertain than other cause areas, and interventions are also less uncertain
*   get funding for this through funds outside of or adjacent to EA. funds which, counterfactually, would not have gone elsewhere
*   treat climate change seriously as a GCR/x-risk multiplier
*   show that EA has done its homework on climate change (whatever the results of that homework may be)
*   attract people who are experts in the field to work on these issues (not redirect EA talent towards climate change)

Summary

This post is calling for the EA movement to become more climate change friendly. That is, to create space for potentially new orgs or EA-aligned projects working on climate change. This does not mean redirecting major resoures away, but rathre facilitating the inclusion of climate change in order to redirect non-EA resoures into EA. In the best case scenario, this helps broader norm change in the nonprofit landscape towards funding more evidence-backed and rigorous nonprofits. Potentially, this could also get more funding into different cause areas as donors are exposed to EA ideas (low but not insignificant chance).

While the movement as a whole should focus on the best solution on the margin, there will likely never be enough jobs for everyone, so focusing on other cause areas will help multiply counterfactual impact. Instead of leaving the movement or working outside of it, individuals are still thinking in EA terms and it is possible that people will understand that.

The main reasons for this are because:

· The current likelihood of climate change is

· Climate Change is an x-risk multiplier. It increases the chances of almost all known x-risks. This needs to be modeled by someone better at modeling, but some plausible scenarios.

*   Increased chance of civil wars
*   Increased chance of nuclear wars
*   Increased chance of biological disasters

· Climate change itself may not cause human extinction, but it could non-negligibly set humanity back by hundreds, if not thousands of years

*   destablizing currrent institutions and states
*   in the event of a large part of the human popuulation being killed, we would lose cultural knowledge and the benefits of a fully globalized economy
*   it all depends on your time scale. if your time scale is millions of years
*   also depends on whether you care more about avoiding negative futures or more about 0 humans. difference betweeen centuries of low-quality vs 0 humans forever. low quality definitely seems worse, even if humanity eventually recovers, depending on the intensity of the bad lives post-apocalypse

· Climate Change is not funding constrained. A climate change EA org would be easily able to find funding elsewhere, thus not diverting EA funds and changing the current EA climate. It's possible that just due to the sheer size of the funding landscape good climate change organizations may be orders of magnitude more effective than other causes. Redirecting those resource will be relatively easy.

· Climate Change is not talent constrained. Current EAs who don't have experience in climate change will not need to switch career paths. Those who do can make us of their comparrative advantage. I predict if we signal an acceptance of climate change we will attract leading experts in the field due to EA's track record and the lack of an effectiveness focused climate change org

· Many climate change efforts are exceptionally ineffective, because saying its not neglected doesnt mean its not neglected in the right places

· EA does not have a thorough understanding of climate change, we have based our understandings off of a handful of posts written by people with varying levels of familiarity with the cause. Ben's post

· However there is a wealth of information and expertise which means that this is one of the few x-risk multipliers we actually have a good sense about

· We are more certain about the potential solutions for climate change than other cause areas, which means that direct work will be focused, quick and efficient.

· Climate change is analogous to EA because it's

*   scientific and evidence based
*   considers generations beyond our own

· Climate Change is an easy cause to do experiments in to practice leading projects, skill-building and so on because it is well-known and widespread. Even if it is less effective than other interventions, it might be easier to complete and execute such issues

· Climate change has synergies with other EA cause areas like animal advocacy. Both can strengthen the case for the other. Farmed animals are a significant soure of GHG emissions, and this number is projected to rise in developing nations

Mini Collection - Non-typical EA Movement Building

Basically, these are ways of spreading EA ideas, philosophies or furthering concrete EA goals in ways that are different from the typical community building models that local groups use.

• EA for non-EA People: External Movement Building by Danny Lipsitz
• Community vs Network by David Nash
• Question: What values do EAs want to promote?
• Focusing on career and cause movement building by David Nash
• Better models for EA development: a network of communities, not a global community by Konrad. Proposes network builders vs community builders because EA cannot be sustainable as a community alone. Suggests dividing up these responsibilities amongst the different community building orgs. Clarifies some commonly used terms.

Suggestions welcome!

Quick BOTEC of person-hours spent on EA Job Applications per annum.

I created a Guesstimate model to estimate a total of ~14,000 to 100,000 person-hours or ~7 to 51 FTE are spent per year (90% CI). This comes to an estimated USD $ 320,000 to $3,200,000 unpaid labour time. 

• All assumptions for my calculations are in the Guesstimate
• The distribution of effort spent by candidates is heavy-tailed; a small percentage of candidates may spend 3 to 10x more time than the median candidate.
• I am not very good at interpreting the guesstimate, so if someone can state this better / more accurately than would be helpful
• Keen to get feedback on whether I've over/underestimated any variables.
• I'd expect this to grow at a rate of ~5-10% per year at least.

Sources: My own experience as a recruiter, applying to EA jobs and interviewing staff at some EA orgs.

Edited the unpaid labour time to reflect Linch's suggestions.

Offer: if you've been affected by the future fund situation and are actively job hunting i'd liek to help: i can give feedback on resumes (am most familiar with US / ops / consulting / business resumes). Just DM a gdoc of your resume & LMK what kinds of jobs you're applying for.

PROPOSAL: EA Career Coaches - quick evaluation

Experimenting to see what kind of feedback this gets and whether it's useful to share very early stage thoughts publicly. If anyone is interested or already exploring this topic, feel free to reach out, I have written up a (slightly more indepth) proposal I can share.

Problem: There might be many people in EA that could benefit from career coaching.

Size: I estimate ~300 to 1000 (60% CI) people might be underconfident or less ambitious than they might be. 80K frequently mentions underconfidence. These are people with basic intro knowledge but are unable to make career progress due to miscalibration, lack of knowledge, negative feelings associated with networking / applying etc.

Tractability: Career coaches are very common & help people become confident and land dream jobs / improve their current career situation.

Neglectedness: Seems unlikely to me that existing coaches cover this need. I am also fairly confident that existing groups / CBs do not cover this need.

Proposal: An EA career coach who's: Improving client's calibration on good fit positions (both EA & non-EA) Giving practical advice & guidance (e.g. resumes, interviews, long-term career planning) Providing encouragement & boost self-confidence Helping clients maintain a healthy relationship to the job hunt / reduce stress, e.g. provide unique insights into EA job landscape

Key uncertainties: (* = most uncertain) Is there demand for this idea and how big?* Is that demand already being met? Is someone working on this going to significantly improve the chances that an individual makes positive progress in their career path? * Are there people or groups able and / or willing to provide this service?* (subquestion if people are willing but not able: Are the skills easily trainable?) Would people reach out for such a service (and be willing to pay) on their own?*

Next steps: (5-20 hrs) Talk to people (have emailed some EA coaches) Run experiments to gauge demand e.g. interest form for online career events (e.g. resume writing workshop) or starting a peer-to-peer career support group

Some ideas for improving or reducing the costs of failure transparency 

This is an open question. The following list is intended to be a starting point for conversation. Where possible tried to make these examples as shovel-ready as possible. It would be great to hear more ideas, or examples of successfully implemented things. 

Thanks to Abi Olvera, Nathan Young, Ben Millwood, Adam Gleave & Arjun Khandelwal for many of these suggestions.

Create a range of space(s) to discuss failure of any size.

• I think the explicit intention of helping the community and providing relevant information is probably important to avoid goodharting.
• Questions that could help you determine how valuable this mistake is to the wider community :
  • How generalizable was the failure?
  • (trying) to separate personal faults from external factors
  • What projects could you have done instead of this one?
  • Would you do the project again? (was it worth it)
  • Do you think your evaluation of the project is the same someone 1) working on you with it 2) a funder 3) recipients would agree with? How might they differ?
• It would be especially valuable to have high-profile members of the EA community do this, since they have relatively less status to lose and their
• Note that these spaces don’t have to all be public!
• At EA conferences (this is more for signalling / setting norms)
  • A regular / semi-regular “Failed Projects” or “Things I changed my mind on” or “evolution in my thinking” kind of panels at EA Globals and other conferences
  • Asking EA public figures questions about failure at talks
• At EA conferences or local groups: Events, workshops or meet-ups for people to share their thinking, changes in their thinking and mistakes and reflect on them together, collaboratively

Create committee(s) to evaluate failed projects

• For larger projects with bigger stakes, it seems valuable to invest more resources into learning from it
• Interviews with stakeholders & reading relevant documents & outputs
• Aim to create a neutral, fair report which creates an accurate map of the problem
• It seems plausible the EAIF would fund something like this

Pay grantees to follow-up on their projects

• Could funders offer to pay an additional X dollars to grantees to get them to write up reflections or takeaways from their projects, successful or not? (This is probably more valuable for people being funded to work on very different kinds of projects, and who wouldn’t otherwise write them - e.g. not established organisations who’d spend time writing an annual report anyways)

Anonymous Mistake Reporting

• Have a call for anonymous reports of failures that people might not want to report publicly (either their own or others)

Idea: EA Library

Many colleges and universities have access via their libraries to a number of periodicals, papers, journals etc. But once you graduate, you lose access 

With something like sci-hub we don't really need access to many things on the academic side. 

But it seems valuable for EAs to not be pay-walled for access to various journals or news outlets (e.g. Harvard Business Review or Wall Street Journal or something) if they want to do resaerch (if there's a sci-hub for stuff like that that could also work!)

We could probably develop this in a way where there are natural barriers to using it (e.g. core group of people are past EAG attendees, new members must be invited by at least 1 "core" member). 

I have no clue what the cost for something like this would be, but it could be pretty easy to figure out by speaking to a university librarian or two! (I imagine probably in the ~$10,000-$100,000 range per year?

Project: More expert object-level observations & insights 

Many subject matter experts with good object-level takes don't post on the forum because they perceive the bar is too high

• Other E.g. that I know personally : Founders of impactful charities don't post regular updates on the progress their organizations are making, lessons they are learning, theory of change updates, how others can help etc. 
• People who aren't naturally writers (e.g. they are doers and more on the ground building partnerships etc)
• People who don't realise they could add value to the community (because they are too busy to spend time in it and notice the biases or weakpoints) 
• + more examples & reasoning listed here 

You can 80/20 it much easier: 

• Hire someone to interview these folks regularly (e.g. a couple eveyr month), find their cool insights, and write up their responses in an engaging way with some nice infographics & pictures from their org or something (e.g. not just interview style). I've discussed doing this with @Amber Dawn before with the folks in my networks who I know have things to say. 
  • If someone wants to fund this, reach out?
  • Also: Have someone go around at EAGs interviewing people and then writing up all their conversations
  • This could be a fun project for folks who want to just meet interesting people and learn about what EAs are working on 
• Do active outreach to these people and offer them 1-1 calls to brainstorm topics, and 2-3 rounds of feedback if they do write something (maybe something for the Forum team?)

More involved things:

• Change the culture of the EA Forum so people feel less scared to post on it e.g. by creating "First Drafts"
• Make it easy for people to record & upload podcasts or voice notes to the EA forum with autotranscription and maybe taking out the "ums" and "buts" (very low confidence, this could be terrible) 

An incomplete list of movement building terms

I plan to keep adding and refining this list over time, I've just put my current list here in case anyone else has ideas. 

Movement Building: Any work to build a movement including but not limited to: community infrastructure, community building, cause, field or discipline development and outreach. Movement building does not need to involve using or spreading the EA brand.

Movement building is a subset of "Meta EA" or "meta altruism".

Types of Movement Building:

Community Infrastructure: The development of community-wide products and services that help develop the community. Online examples include building wikis, forums, tools and websites. Offline examples include conferences, community houses, and regional networks.

Note: Some community infrastructure may be limited to certain subgroups within the community, such as events and services for leaders or affiliated organisations. Such events might still provide benefits to the wider community, especially when they improve coordination and communication, and where relevant should be considered as infrastructure.  

Community Building: Influencing individuals to take actions based on the ideas and principles of the EA movement. This is often accomplished through the development of groups (local & online) organised by geography, shared interests, careers, causes and more. Local groups are the most common, but certain locations (e.g. "hub" cities like London) may also have subgroups that based cause or career. 

Field or Discipline Development: Developing new or influencing existing academic disciplines or fields through the creation of new organisations, advocacy or funding academics to work in this field. Closely related to Professionalization.   

Network Building: Developing the EA network to include non-EA actors, organisations and communities. See Community vs Network by David Nash and EA for non-EA People: External Movement Building by Danny Lipsitz.

Professionalization: Giving an occupation, activity, or group professional qualities. This can be done by creating a career out of, increasing the status of, raising the qualifications required for or improving the training given for a occupation, activity or group. 

Other terms

CEA's Funnel Model: A model of movement building which focuses on the different stages of involvement people have with EA, based off of corporate sales funnel models.

Community: A group of people connected by a set of shared values, norms, or beliefs. 

Alternative definition: "A community is a group of humans with a shared identity who care for each other.” - Konrad

Ideology: A set of ideas and beliefs that represent a particular worldview.  

Network: A group of people with varying degrees of connection to each other.

Organic Movement Growth: Movement growth that occurs organically, without explicit intentions (other than perhaps very broad actions like mass-targeted publications).

Social Movement: A group of people working to achieve a goal or set of goals through collective action. Differentiated from an intellectual movement because of the specification and emphasis on concrete actions.

Reflections on making commiting to a specific career path 

Imagine Alisha is making a decision whether to pursue job X or job Y. She is currently leaning in favor of job X 55% to 45%, so decides to pursue job X. Over the next couple years, Alisha gains knowledge and expertise as an Xer, and is passionate and excited by her job. She's finding new opportunities and collaborations, and things are going well. But she often wonders if things would have gone even better if she went with job Y. 

I believe that you get a lot more value from committing to one path / area and developing deep expertise & knowledge there, rather than hopping around for too long. There's a lot of implicit knowledge you gain, and therefore a comparative advantage.  

I think it's hard to see the hidden uncertainties behind lots of (small and large) decisions when you make a decisive choice and ruthlessly prioritize. It's easy to read more confidence into decisions than there is - partly because it's just easier to process the world in black and white shades of grey. 

And it can be really hard to live with those decisions, even once you've made them. I think you probably need (to some extent) to shut that part off for some time so you can actually double down and focus on one thing. I struggle with this a lot.  

What I want to keep in mind, as a result of this: 

• check in with the people whose careers i've subconsciously modeled my plans off of and check how confident they were when they made the pivotal decisions (if they did make a pivotal decision at all) about how confident they were. 
  • I should expect many people to be uncertain. 
  • I expect many people didn't have a master plan, but instead took advantage of interesting and good opportunities
  • I expect the best people are good at switching between exploring and exploiting systematically 
• I want to develop better ways of switching between explore & exploit, or not worrying that I'll miss something and stay in the explore mode longer than I should
  • I want to introduce a periodic review to help feel better about exploiting (because I know I'll have an opportunity to course correct) 
  • I want to introduce periodic slack into my system to do exploration as needed

(H/T Steve Thompson for a good conversation that helped me crystalize some of this). 

How important is it to measure the medium term (5-50 years) impact of interventions?

I think that taking the medium-term impact into account is especially lacking in the meta space, since building out infrastructure is exactly the kind of project that could take several years to set up with little progress before gains are made. 

I'd also be interested in how many /which organisations plan to measure their impact on this 5-50 year timescale. I think it would be very interesting to see the impact of various GH&D charities on a 5 or 10 year timescale.  

A Typology of EA Careers Advice

The Local Career Advice Network recently completed a pilot workshop to help group organiers develop and implement robust career 1-1 strategies. During this process we compiled all existing EA careers advice & strategy, and found several open questions. This post provides an overview of the different kinds of careers research one could do. We will write more posts trying to explain the value of the different kinds of research. 

Movement-level research 

• This research identifies bottlenecks in top causes and makes recommendations on specific actions individuals can take to address them.
• Risks: The EA movement does not have as much impact as it could, unaddressed bottlenecks impede progress on certain causes,  community members don't know what the top options are an settle for something less impactful.
• EA examples : 80,000 Hours cause profiles, Animal Advocacy Careers skills profiles, Local Priorities Research (More on LPR)
• Non-EA examples: Studies predicting which jobs will get automated

Individual-level research

• This research idenitifes best practices, framworks and tips on how to have a successful, fulfilling career. This research could help them find a career that is the right choice for them: that is aligned with their values, that they can excel at, and that they are motivated to stay in in the long-term.
• Risks: Causing harm by reducing an individual's impact in the long-term, or pursuing a path where they don't have a good personal fit. They might be turned away from the EA movement.
• EA Examples: 80,000 Hours' 2017 Career Guide and Career Profiles
• Non-EA examples: So Good They Can't Ignore You by Cal Newport

Advice intervention research

• This research identifies interventions that can help achieve both movement-level or individual-level advice. Interventions prioritise
• Risks: All of the above if it doesn't balance between the two.
• EA Examples: Animal Advocacy Careers is preregistering a study of their career 1-1 calls, Literature review on what works to promote charitable donations
• Non-EA Examples: Research on the effectiveness of coaching/mentoring.

Reasons for/against Facebook & plans to migrate the community out of there

Epistemitc Status: My very rough thoughts. I am confident of the reasons for/against, but the last section is mostly speculation so I won't attempt to clarify my certainty levels

Reasons for moving away from Facebook

• Facebook promotes bad discussion norms (see Point 4 here)
• Poor movement knowledge retention
• Irritating to navigate: It's easy to not be aware that certain groups exist (since there are dozens) and it's annoying to filter through all the other stuff in Facebook to get to them

Reasons against

• Extremely high switching costs
  • start-up costs (see Neels' comment)
  • harder to pay attention to new platform
  • easier to integrate with existing scoial media
• Offputting/intimidating to newer members
• Past attempts haven't taken off (e.g. the EA London Discussion Board, but that was also not promoted super hard)
• Existing online space (the Forum) is a bit too formal/initimidating

How would we make the switch? In order of increasing speculativeness

• One subcommunity at a time. It seems like most EA groups are already more active in their spaces other than Facebook, but it would be interesting to see this replicated on the cause area level by understanding what the community members' needs are and seeing if there's a way to have alternatives.
• Moving certain services found on Facebook to other sites: having a good opportunities board so people go to another place for ea jobs & volunteer opportunities, moving the editing & review group to the forum (?), making it easier for people to reach out to each other (e.g. EA Hub Community directory). Then it may be easier to move whatever is left (e.g. discussions) to a new platform.
• Encouraging ~100 active community members to not use Facebook for a week as an experiment and track the outcomes
• Make the Forum less intimidating so people feel more comfortable posting (profile pictures? Heart reacts? Embedded discord server or other chat function? Permanent Walled Garden?)

Things I'll be tracking that might update me towards how possible this is

• LessWrong's experience with the Walled Garden
• The EA Hub is improving our Community Directory & introducing some other services in 2021 possibly including 1-1 Matching and an Opportunities Board.
• Cause area Slacks
  • Effective Environmentalism Slack group (not very active right now, but we haven't done a lot of active efforts to encourage people to use the Slack yet. Might do this later in the year).
  • IIDM & Progress Studies Slack
• Changes in Forum culture over time
• If there are any EA groups or subcommunities already moving away from Facebook, please let me know so I can track you :)

What are the low-hanging fruit or outliers of EA community building?

(where community building is defined as growing the number of engaged EAs who are likely to take medium-to-large sized actions in accordance to the EA values and/or framework. it could include group activities, events, infrastructure building, resource)

• the EA community talks a lot about low-hanging fruits and the outlier interventions that are 100x or 1000x better than the next best intervention
• it seems plausible that either of these exist for community building

Low hanging fruits

• from working in the community building space for the last 2+ years, i have found what i believe are many low-hanging fruit (which are decently impactful) but no extreme outliers that are orders of magnitude more impactful than the next best thing
• I think low hanging fruits are relatively neglected areas of community building
• The biggest one that I observed is careers advice outside of 80K's general scope is very neglected, and within those there are mostly similar effectiveness interventions (or at least not 100-1000x apart). 
• What other low-hanging fruit do you think there are?

Extreme Outliers

• i would guess that any outlier interventions could fall into 1 of two categories (which obviously don't pose undue risk to the community):
  1. Intervention that is moderately to very good at achieving X (where X can be either recruitment, education, engagement or retention, see more), but also have the property of scaling very quickly (e.g. a web service, written resource or a skill that could be taught to many group organisers )  
  2. Intervention is very good at recruiting a few extremely engaged, aligned & talented people (the hits based model, where you have 99% failure and 1% success), or getting them engaged (I imagine there's fewer education or retention interventions)
• Do you know of clearly obvious outlier interventions ?

CGD launched a Global Skills Partnership program to reduce brain drain and improve migration (https://gsp.cgdev.org/)

It would be interesting to think about this from the perspective of EA groups, where brain drain is quite common. Part of their solution is to offer training and recognized certifications to a broader group of people in the home country to increase the overall pool of talent.

I will probably add more thoughts in the coming days when I have time to read the case studies in more depth.

Collection of anecdotal evidence of EA career/impact frustrations

After one year of applying for EA jobs: It is really, really hard to get hired by an EA organisation by EA Applicant. Most upvoted post on the forum, sparked a lot of recent discussion on the topic. 8 commenters resonated with OP on the time investment and/or disappointment (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8). There were 194 unique upvotes. 

My mistakes on the path to impact by Denise Melchin. Another highly upvoted post talking about the emphasis on working at EA organisations and direct EA work. There were 161 unique upvotes. Resonated comments (1,2,3,4,5)

Effective Altruism and Meaning in Life by extra_ordinary. A personal account of the talent gaps, and why the OP moved away from this because too much of their self-worth was associated with success in EA-related things. 4 comments in support of the post. Resonated comments (1,2). There were 55 unique upvotes. 

Some thoughts on stage-wise development of moral circle

Status: Very rough, I mainly want to know if there's already some research/thinking on this.

• Jean Piaget, a early childhood psychologist from the 1960s, suggested a stage sequential model of childhood developemnt. He suggesting that we progress through different levels of development, and each stage is necessary to develop to the next.
• Perhaps we can make a similar argument for moral circle expansion. In other words: you cannot run when you don't know how to walk. If you ask someone to believe X, then X+1, then X+2, this makes some sense. if you jump from X to 10X to 10000X (they may even perceive 10000X as Y, an entirely different thing which makes no sense), it becomes a little more difficult for them to adjust over a short period of time.
• Anecdotally seems true from a number of EAs I've spoken to who've updated to longtermism over time.
• For most people, changing one's beliefs and moral circles takes time. So we need to create a movement which can accomodate this. Peter Singer sums it up quite well: "there are people who come into the animal movement because of their concern for cats and dogs who later move on to understand that the number of farm animals suffering is vastly greater than the number of cats and dogs suffering and that typically the farm animals suffer more than the cats and dogs, and so they’ve added to the strength of the broader, and as I see more important, animal welfare organizations or animal rights organizations that are working for farm animals. So I think it’s possible that something similar can happen in the EA movement."
• Risk to the movement is that we lose people who could have become EAs because we turn them off the movement by making it too "weird"

Further research on this topic that could verify my hypothesis:

• Studying changes in moral attitudes regarding other issues such as slavery, racism, LGBT rights etc. over time, and how long it took individuals/communities to change their attitudes (and behaviors)